Acid Reflux: A Modern Life Style Disease – Causes, Symptoms & the Importance of Surgical Intervention
Acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a common digestive disorder that occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. While occasional acid reflux is normal, frequent and severe refluxes can lead to chronic GERD, causing discomfort and complications. If left untreated, GERD can lead to serious health issues, including esophagitis, chronic cough, dysphagia, Barrett’s esophagus, and even esophageal cancer. While medications and lifestyle changes can help manage symptoms, surgical intervention becomes necessary in severe cases to provide long-term relief.
Understanding Acid Reflux and Its Causes
Acid reflux occurs due to a weak or dysfunctional lower esophageal sphincter (LES)—the muscle that acts as a valve between the esophagus and stomach. When this valve fails to close properly, stomach acid and digestive juices flow back into the esophagus, causing symptoms.
Common Causes of Acid Reflux
Hiatal Hernia – A condition where part of the stomach pushes through normal diaphragmatic opening, weakening the LES.
Obesity – Excess weight puts pressure on the abdomen, increasing the likelihood of reflux.
Dietary Habits – Spicy, fatty, or acidic foods, caffeine, alcohol, and carbonated drinks can trigger reflux.
Smoking and Alcohol – These substances weaken the LES and increase acid production.
Lying Down After Eating – Eating large meals and lying down immediately can worsen reflux.
Pregnancy – Hormonal changes and increased abdominal pressure contribute to reflux.
Certain Medications – Painkillers (NSAIDs), muscle relaxants, and certain blood pressure medications can aggravate reflux.
Symptoms of Acid Reflux
The most common symptom of acid reflux is heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest. Other symptoms include:
Regurgitation – Sour or bitter liquid rising in the throat and occasionally teeth.
Chronic Cough – Due to acid irritating the throat and airways.
Hoarseness or Sore Throat – Caused by acid exposure.
Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia) – Due to narrowing of the esophagus.
Chest Pain – Can mimic heart-related pain.
Excessive Burping and Bloating – Resulting from trapped gas.
Bad Breath – Due to acid and undigested food in the esophagus.
If these symptoms persist despite lifestyle changes and medications, it may indicate severe GERD requiring advanced treatment or surgery.
When Is Surgical Intervention Necessary?
Following are the scenarios for Surgical Intervention:
Failure of medical management – If proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or antacids do not provide relief.
Complications Develop – Such as esophageal strictures, Barrett’s esophagus, or chronic esophagitis.
Quality of Life Is Affected – When daily activities are restricted due to severe symptoms.
Hiatal Hernia Is Present – Large hernias often require surgical correction.
Benefits of Surgical Intervention
Long-Term Relief from acid reflux symptoms.
Reduced Dependence on Medications, especially PPIs, which may have long-term side effects.
Prevention of Complications, such as Barrett’s esophagus or esophageal cancer.
Improved Quality of Life, allowing patients to eat and sleep comfortably.